Ethics and Morality in Scientific Knowledge: An Islamic Law Perspective

Abstract

Scientific knowledge has developed rapidly and has become a central force in shaping modern civilization. Despite its significant contributions to human welfare, scientific advancement often raises ethical and moral challenges, particularly when technological progress outpaces normative guidance. This study aims to examine the relationship between ethics, morality, and scientific knowledge from the perspective of Islamic law, emphasizing the role of moral responsibility in guiding scientific development. Employing a qualitative library-based research design, this study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach to explore classical and contemporary literature on philosophy of science, ethics, morality, and Islamic legal thought. Data were collected from authoritative books and peer-reviewed journal articles and analyzed through thematic interpretation to identify normative principles relevant to scientific practice. The findings indicate that scientific knowledge, within the framework of Islamic law, is not value-neutral but is inherently bound by ethical and moral obligations. Islamic legal principles, particularly the objectives of Islamic law (maq??id al-shar?‘ah), provide a comprehensive ethical foundation that emphasizes the protection of human dignity, social justice, and harm prevention. These principles offer guidance for evaluating scientific activities and technological innovations, especially in areas with significant social and humanitarian implications. The discussion highlights that ethical and moral integration strengthens scientific integrity and prevents the misuse of knowledge. This study concludes that the development and application of scientific knowledge must be guided by ethical and moral values rooted in Islamic law to ensure responsible and sustainable progress.